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The history of the PEACE SIGN

By David J. Danowitz 1-22-98

There are Many stories that I have heard, But, The one I LIKE the most is the one below. ( I do believe that this is not true. But it has been told to me by many old hippies) Who knows, she was probably involved with the CND and was never mentioned.) Will we ever know the truth ???? :-}

In the late 50's a young lady started (or was involved in) a movement to stop the use of Nuclear Power. She was starting to get a following and wanted Eternal Nuclear Disarmament. To reach her goal she decided not to have a name for her organization, actually it is said that she didn't want an organization just the realization that Nuclear Power is dangerous and needs to be used in a much more controlled environment. Weapons do not fall in this category yet.... but I digress................ She asked her father if he could help her come up with a symbol that she could use to show what they (the organization that isn't an organization)  (Later to become the CND) wanted. Her father worked for the railroad for a long time and he told her that on the railroad trains go by signs so fast that they can't read words so they use semaphore. Semaphore is the use of a symbol instead of a word so the driver can see, read and react to the Semaphore symbol from a great distance. He asks his daughter what she wants to say in her symbol. She wants Nuclear Disarmament. So her father said that a strait line through a circle stands for No or N. And a Curved line stands for D.

Buy putting them together, moving and shaping them a little, you get the modern day Peace Sign.

To me the circle stands for Eternal

The line up and down stands for N (nuclear)

And the line that goes from the bottom left to the center and down to the bottom right Stands for D (disarmament).

Eternal Nuclear Disarmament.

pegspeacoriginalpeacesign.gif (4604 bytes) Just as a side note this is what the first peace signs looked like.
But then for some unknown (as of yet) reason it changed to what we know it as today. (see examples below)

P.S. I believe I have her name and more specific information on this written down somewhere. If I come across it I will let you know.

---------------here is an e-mail I received ---------3-15-03------

Herb Greer wrote an literal piece "Mud Pie" (London: Parrish, 1964) which mentions an original sources from the CND:
"On a purple square was superimposed a white circle with a purple cross inside it, or almost a cross. The arms had slipped and were drooping against the lower sides of the circle. Holtom had made the design by combining the semaphore letters N and D: N for nuclear and D, naturally, for disarmament." (P. 30) Holtom was a commercial artist with, it seems, a "visual aid factory". Greer says he put his factory in Twickenham to making "lollipop signs" marked with the droopy cross. In a recent correspondence through email he added, "I was actually there on and before the first Aldermaston March for which it was created. I visited Holtom, I saw the original sketches and discussed it with him. The reason for the symbol being upside down (D over N) is that semaphore is a military code. Upside down, anti-military." For a much later account by a famous march organizer who witnessed Holtom's presentation, see Michael Randle, "Non-Violent Direct Action in the 1950s and 1960s", in Richard Taylor and Nigel Young, "Campaigns for Peace: British Peace Movements in the Twentieth Century" (Manchester: Manchester U. Press, 1987), p. 134. The symbol was to appear at either end of banners stretching from one side of a street full of marchers to the other."

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The following paragraphs was taken from a page done by
Steve Kramer, 29-MAY-1996

bigcndsy.gif (18375 bytes)

The symbol consists of the semaphore letters "N" and "D" (for "nuclear disarmament") inside a circle. The original colors were, as shown in the image above, white on black. According to The CND Story by John Minnion and Philip Bolsover (1983), Holtom and other CND artists pointed out other symbolism in the flag as well: the semaphores together, without the circle, look like a stick figure with its arms outstretched -- "the gesture of a human being in despair"; the circle represents the womb or unborn generations, as well as the world; and the color black represents eternity.

Bruce Tindall, 29-MAY-1996

Another, presumably 'unofficial', explanation is that it is the cross of Christ with the arms drooping in despair. The symbol is also, in fact, the Death Rune of the Futhark runic alphabet. Whether this is an intentional similarity or not, CND supporters, particularly 'Christian' ones, used to get very uppity when this was pointed out!

Stuart A. Notholt, 30-MAY-1996

The "peace sign" was originally the symbol of the (U.K.) Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND). It was designed by Gerald Holtom in 1958. The frequently-repeated but mistaken belief that it was designed by Bertrand Russell probably stems from the fact that Russell was the president of the CND at the time.

The first public use of the symbol was on flags and placards during the 1958 Aldermaston march (in England). It was described in Manchester Guardian articles covering the march.

Bruce Tindall, 28-MAY-1996

The peace symbol has a convoluted and confusing history. It's most notable appearance in modern times was its first use by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) at their Aldermaston march in 1956. The CND meaning of the symbol is semaphore for 'N' (the two diagonal lines) and 'D' (the two vertical lines). About ten years later, the symbol was adopted as a general peace sign within the student anti-war movement. It became probably the single best known symbol of the youth culture of the sixties. The CND was partly based on traditional churches, and I think they were also conscious of mixing two historic Christian symbols:

With the appropriation of the symbol by the peace movement in the sixties, non-traditional and fundamentalist Christians (who apparently knew nothing of Christian symbols) placed a satanic meaning on it, calling it the Witch's Foot, or Crow's Foot (and sometimes Chicken's Foot), or Broken Cross. In the 1980s, the symbol was further appropriated (at least in the U.S.) to represent environmentalism. In this sense, it is rendered as a blue and green imitation of the U.S. flag, with the peace symbol replacing the stars in the canton.

T.F. Mills, 9-OCT-1996

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And yet another story that I found at
http://www.peaceday.org/pcsign.htm
------

The Peace Symbol

Have you ever wondered where the peace symbol came from? I know I have heard many stories about it being an anti religious, a Nazi, or a death symbol. Well let me put this all to rest. I am sure when you find out what it actually is you will be surprised!!

It seems the Peace symbol surfaced on letters from the Direct Action Committee against Nuclear War in its original form as early as March 1958. Bertrand Russell was a member of this committee and through his writings has left us with an unmistakable history of when, where and who created the Peace Sign. Here are quotes from letters Bertrand Russell wrote in response to H. Pickles from Lichthort Verlag who wrote to complain that the peace symbol was a death symbol because the arms pointed downwards. Russell's reply: ``I am afraid that I cannot follow your argument that the ND badge is a death-symbol. It was invented by a member of our movement as the badge of the Direct Action Committee against Nuclear War, for the first Aldermaston March. It was designed from the naval code of semaphore, and the symbol represents the code letters for ND. To the best of my knowledge, the Navy does not employ signalers who work upside down.''

So there you have it, the Navy code of semaphore is the flag signaling system. The letters


D


N

Surprised??? Well it does make sense in a way.
But who created the symbol and why?? Read
on,...

"Gerald Holtom [sic] is in fact widely credited with the design of the nuclear disarmament symbol (aka the peace symbol). The earliest reference I could find is in American journalist and playwright Herb Greer's _Mud Pie_ (London: Parrish, 1964). A little before the first Aldermaston march at Easter 1958, Holtom showed up at the offices of _Peace News_ in London with drawings for banners and the symbol: "On a purple square was superimposed a white circle with a purple cross inside it, or almost a cross. The arms had slipped and were drooping against the lower sides of the circle. Holtom had made the design by combining the semaphore letters N and D: N for nuclear and D, naturally, for disarmament." (P. 30) Holtom was a commercial artist with, it seems, a "visual aid factory". Greer says he put his factory in Twickenham to making "lollipop signs" marked with the droopy cross. In a recent correspondence through email he added, "I was actually there on and before the first Aldermaston March for which it was created. I visited Holtom, I saw the original sketches and discussed it with him. The reason for the symbol being upside down (D over N) is that semaphore is a military code. Upside down, anti-military." For a much later account by a famous march organizer who witnessed Holtom's presentation, see Michael Randle, "Non-Violent Direct Action in the 1950s and 1960s", in Richard Taylor and Nigel Young, _Campaigns for Peace: British Peace Movements in the Twentieth Century_ (Manchester: Manchester U. Press, 1987), p. 134. The symbol was to appear at either end of banners stretching from one side of a street full of marchers to the other."

Now you may say is there anything else you can tell us about the Peace Sign?? Of course!!

"From a design point of view, it is interesting to note that the original sketches are preserved at the School of Peace Studies, Bradford University (ibid., p. 159). The original symbol wasn't just sticks in a thinly bounded circle. The ends of the "arms" and "legs" thicken and splay out noticeably as they approach the circumference. And the circle itself is thick -- when it has an outer edge. (Thus there are at least 2 designs.) You can see the original symbol on the banners and "lollipops" of the marchers in plates in another book by Taylor, _The Protest Makers_ (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1980). The thickening itself has two versions: in one, all the straight strokes are thickened; in the other, only those in the lower half of the circle. Both are amply represented here in literature preserved by Bertrand Russell from his days at the head of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and the Committee of 100. Some are eminently scannable, too. The original designs are much nicer than what might be termed the sanserif abstraction that took over the banners by 1961."

--------
So there you have it !

I thank the Bertrand Russell archives for
supplying the quotations.

Copied from - http://www.peaceday.org/pcsign.htm

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and yet more 

Copied from -
 http://www.rosella.apana.org.au/~mlb/cranes/symbols.htm

THOUSAND CRANES PEACE NETWORK

Peace Symbols

This page contains background information on some of the symbols used throughout the ages to represent peace and goodwill. 

The peace sign or victory salute is made by holding the index and middle fingers in the shape of a V. 

This sign is said to have begun in Europe during World War II  when the 
V for victory (victoire in French, vrijheid in Dutch) sign was painted on walls in the dark as a symbol of freedom from occupying forces. 

It was also used as a sound, with the dot-dot-dot-dash (di-di-di-dah) of Morse code.  Coincidentally this sounds a lot like the opening bars of Beethoven's Symphony No.5 (and the Roman numeral for 5 is V!). 
As a result  these bars were (along with the Morse code signal) broadcast by the BBC constantly during the war and became known as 'Fate knocking at the door'. 

The victory sign was described as 'the most amazing piece of propaganda devised in this war'. 

It became immortalized when Britain's wartime leader Winston Churchill was repeatedly filmed using the sign as a victory salute. 

The sign was very widely used by peace movements in the 1960's and 70's as a symbol of victory for peace and truth. 

......and much much more.....

copied from - 
http://www.rosella.apana.org.au/~mlb/cranes/symbols.htm

--------------

Hi Ho Dave,
My partner and myself designed the American flag peace finger in 1969- Manhattan Beach Ca.  The name of the Co. was the Atomic Energy Group.  Far out huh?
Need any further information?  Glad to oblige.
Have a good life-
Peace & Love
Doug
We designed the original first version.  It was designed to sell as a sticker.  We started warehousing them and shipping out of our garage.  They caught on so quickly that pretty soon we were renting three garages.  As you can see by your lighter it made it's way onto things like clothes objects  Etc..  The final gift show I went to in LA I counted 27 knockoffs in 20 minutes.  We had originally copyrighted it but it would have taken the money of Disney to chase them all down.
 
In the beginning I had gotten tired of seeing all of the regular flag stickers on cars, and police motor cycles.  Driving to work it dawned on me that what a good idea it would be to counter this with putting a flag on the peace finger sign.  So I contacted Joe, a friend that had just graduated Long Beach State, with a degree in graphic arts.  We went through several versions and in about six weeks he came up with the graphic fingers. We then designed a display box that held 200 stickers.  I took $1600. 00 and printed 50,000 stickers.  After 6 weeks there they were and the next question was what to do with them.  We talked a Hippie shop owner to take a box on consignment to see how they would sell.  After a week we trotted down to the store in Redondo and the guy was all over us.  He kept proclaiming that we had a winner because he had sold all 200 and wanted more.  We walked out dazed and looked at each other and said What's a Winner?  Finding out took us on a four year journey.  Both naive and with no skills in business we chased this sticker and developed other items, some good and some bombs.  We never got rich but we both gained in experience and future memories.
 
Well Dave in a nutshell that's the real story of the American Flag Peace Finger.
Joe lives in LA and myself in Las Vegas.  We are still best of friends and to this day we are still a little pissed off when we see a knock off.
Heh Heh,
Peace and love, as it was-
Doug   

 

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Well here are the peace signs I have to date.
This page has the small ones.
Click on of the links below to get to the other ones.

 

wpe364.gif (1082 bytes) wpe369.gif (1076 bytes) wpe368.gif (1095 bytes)  wpe36F.gif (1081 bytes) wpe36E.gif (1094 bytes) wpe37B.gif (1078 bytes) wpe37A.gif (1085 bytes) wpe390.gif (1071 bytes)  wpe396.gif (1086 bytes) wpe397.gif (1073 bytes)    wpe391.gif (1080 bytes)

wpe36D.gif (1286 bytes)   wpe394.gif (1272 bytes)  wpe395.gif (1266 bytes)   wpe38E.gif (1282 bytes)   wpe38F.gif (1285 bytes)  wpe373.gif (1270 bytes)  wpe38B.gif (1345 bytes)  wpe38C.gif (1340 bytes)

      wpe378.gif (1347 bytes)  wpe379.gif (1347 bytes)   wpe380.gif (1440 bytes)  wpe381.gif (1440 bytes)

 wpe382.gif (1311 bytes)   wpe383.gif (1318 bytes)  wpe384.gif (1418 bytes)  wpe385.gif (1421 bytes)  wpe386.gif (1402 bytes)  wpe387.gif (1405 bytes)  wpe388.gif (1353 bytes)

   

 

Peace Education Centre

  wpe363.gif (1644 bytes) wpe362.gif (1632 bytes) wpe35D.gif (1634 bytes)

wpe35E.gif (1597 bytes)    

peace.gif (8882 bytes)

Worlds largest peace sign collection main page
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http://www.enviroscan.com/html/world_peace.html - They have been compiling a list of translations of the English word PEACE into as many languages as we can. 

 

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